Avian influenza 3 and that will spread readily from person to person is unknown. Avian influenza initial case investigation form pdf, 175 kb the form should be completed for any person under monitoring pum for avian influenza who develops symptoms. How infected backyard poultry could spread bird flu to people. Cdc interim guidance for landfill workers in the united states disposing of poultry carcasses during outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza cdc pdf 408 kb, 4 pages external. However, this possibility combined with the increasing resistance of the h5n1 ai virus to currently available antiviral treatment and lack of complete vaccination effectiveness make this a critical human health risk. Avian influenza oklahoma state department of health. In the next two chapters, a summary of the measures to prevent avian influenza will be followed by an analysis of the potential health risk. Lpai, or low path avian influenza, naturally occurs in wild birds and can spread to domestic birds. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Any decision to use vaccination must include an exit strategy. Pdf prevention and control of avian influenza in singapore. Avian influenza ai is an infectious viral disease of birds.
In 20, a new subtype, avian influenza ah7n9, emerged. These strains of the virus pose little threat to human health. Bird flu avian influenza is a disease caused by strains of influenza virus that primarily affects birds. Successful strategies in controlling avian influenza. Human infections with bird flu viruses usually can be treated with the same prescription drugs that are used to treat human seasonal flu viruses. Protocol for laboratory testing of symptomatic responders who participated in an avian influenza outbreak response pdf, 759 kb. From december 1999 through april 2003, 50 million birds died or were depopulated after hpai infection in the european union, causing severe economic losses to the private and public sectors. When people are infected with both human and avian influenza strains the viruses can trade genetic material, which can result in a strain that causes severe human illness and is easily transmitted from persontoperson.
Epid discipline of clinical pharmacology school of medicine and public health faculty of health university of newcastle level 5, clinical sciences building, nm2 calvary mater hospital edith street, waratah, 2298. Upon successful completion of this module the learner will have. Avian influenza ounce of prevention better than a pound of cure brian fairchild extension poultry scientist university of georgia this information is pulled from some presentations given by poultry science faculty on avian influenza, past outbreaks, disease symptoms, response to the disease. A manual for improving biosecurity in the food supply chain. Ensuring the protection of employees involved in highly pathogenic avian influenza control and eradication activities cdc pdf external, aphis.
Information for specific groups avian influenza flu. Ai viruses are classified as either highly pathogenic ai hpai or low pathogenic ai lpai, based on the genetic features of the virus and the severity of disease in poultry. However, sporadic human infections with avian flu viruses. The fecaloral and respiratory transmission routes can rapidly spread the virus throughout a poultry flock. Prevention and treatment of avian influenza h5n1 in the who model list of esential medicines paul carless bhsc, mmedsc. Avian flu and other animals ai virus is a type a virus that affects all types of birds and waterfowl.
For those who have contracted the disease, avian influenza presents similar clinical symptoms at the early stage as. Avian influenza viruses are classified as either low pathogenic also called low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses or highly pathogenic high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. Information on avian influenza avian influenza flu. In the late 1990s, a new strain of bird flu arose that was remarkable for its ability to cause severe disease and death, especially in domesticated birds such as ducks, chickens, or turkeys. The goal of this training module is to familiarize users with the status of detection, prevention, and control of avian influenza in humans. Avian influenza is a notifiable disease listed by the oie. Pdf on jan 1, 2014, a sharif and others published prevention and control of avian influenza in poultry production. Who guidelines for investigation of human cases of avian.
A pandemic can occur if this new influenza virus subtype, which has already been shown to cause serious illness in humans, is able to either exchange genes with human flu viruses or mutate sufficiently over time to allow. Pdf the avian influenza coordinated agriculture project aicap entitled prevention and control of avian influenza in the us strives to be a. The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype h5n1 caused 22 human cases and 14 deaths in. Avian influenza ai is a viral infection of birds caused by a group of viruses known as type a influenzas. Low pathogenicity strains typically cause respiratory signs. Avian influenza ai or bird flu is a highly contagious viral infection which can affect all species of birds and can manifest itself in different ways depending mainly on the ability of the virus to cause disease pathogenicity and on the species affected. Public health interventions for prevention and control of avian. The avian influenza h5n1 outbreaks in asia are concerning because of the risk of a possible pandemic, or worldwide outbreak. Clinical presentation of avian influenza in humans may range from flulike symptoms e. There is no evidence to suggest that the consumption. Small flock biosecurity for prevention of avian influenza. A virus is defined as hpai or lpai by its ability to cause severe disease in intravenously inoculated young chickens in the laboratory, or by its.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai viruses can develop from certain lpai. High pathogenicity strains may cause widespread organ. The consequence of human infection is severe as avian influenza h5n1 is a highly fatal disease. Prevention of avian influenza avian influenza avian influenza is caused by those influenza viruses that mainly affect birds and poultry, such as chickens or ducks. Applied prevention and control measures on avian influenza in. With the increased risk of avian influenza during the winter, the need for a prevention zone may arise.
Program pnsa manual for the contingency of avian influenza and. Prevention and control of avian flu in smallscale poultry. These losses suggest that the strategies and control measures used to combat the disease need improvement, from disease control and animal welfare perspectives. H5n1, h5n6, h6n1, h7n4, h7n9, h9n2 and h10n8 since they do not commonly infect humans, there is little or no immune. Prevention of avian influenza management of birds avian influenza, a type of influenza a, is a zoonosis transmissible to humans through contact with infected birds or their droppings. H5n1 strains of 1997 was partially aborted, preventing the immediate pandemics scale. Bird flu, also called avian influenza, a viral respiratory disease mainly of poultry and certain other bird species, including migratory waterbirds, some imported pet birds, and ostriches, that can be transmitted directly to humans. The avian influenza coordinated agriculture project. The alert response level under the governments preparedness plan for influenza pandemic is activated avian influenza is caused by those influenza viruses that mainly affect birds and poultry, such as chickens or ducks.
Pdf prevention and control of avian influenza in poultry production. Emergency prevention plan for the fight against avian influenza in rwanda pdf 45 pp march 2006 the plan aims to define strategies, measures and activities for safeguarding both animal and human health, using a multidisciplinary, flexible approach. The pathogenicity or ability of avian influenza viruses to cause disease in domestic poultry chickens, ducks, and turkeys tends to vary with the makeup or subtype of the virus. This needs to be coupled with similar efforts placed on preparing for a potential outbreak. Pdf avian influenza ai is considered an exotic disease in the brazilian poultry industry, according.
These viruses occur naturally among wild aquatic birds worldwide and can infect domestic poultry and other bird and animal species. Avian flu general precautions avian flu is a viral disease and it can be very contagious. The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of avian influenza a h7n9 infections are discussed separately. Principal updates and changes include 1 a new recommendation that annual vaccination be. The avian influenza prevention zone made on 25 january 2018 was formally revoked at midday on 25 may 2018. Pdf prevention and control of avian influenza in poultry. The who guidelines for investigation of human cases of avian influenza a h5n1 is not intended to be a comprehensive compendium of all the measures that need to be instituted in response to the identification of human cases of ah5n1 influenza. The prevention and control of avian influenza ncbi. Highly pathogenic avian influenza found in mississippi flyway and central flyway migratory bird pathways during the first week of march 2015, highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai h5n2 was detected in a commercial turkey flock in pope county, minnesota. The 2008 recommendations include new and updated information. Avian influenza refers to the disease caused by infection with avian bird influenza flu type a viruses.
Prevention of avian influenza food and health bureau. Chinawho joint mission on human infection with avian. Progressive control of highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai was first. It is mainly transmitted through close contact with infected birds and poultry or their droppings.
The global strategy for prevention and control of h5n1 highly. Human cases infected with influenza a h5n1 and h9n2 viruses have. The avian influenza coordinated agriculture project aicap entitled prevention and control of avian influenza in the us strives to be a significant point of reference for the poultry industry and the general public in matters related to the biology, risks associated with, and the methods used to prevent and control avian influenza. In most cases it causes no signs of infection or only minor symptoms in birds. A familiarity with case definitions and contact management for. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis.
For the purpose of better response to this epidemic, we propose to invite who. Bird flu outbreaks in birds outbreaks of bird flu happen among birds from time to time. This was the first finding in the mississippi flyway and was found to match the strains of avian influenza that were found in. Of great concern are the highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai viruses e. Putting in place accurate warning systems as well as prevention measures is essential as part of an effective strategy to prevent and control avian influenza. Avian influenzaprotecting poultry workers at risk external, osha. Further disease control measures will be based on the latest scientific evidence and.
Oie guidelines emphasize that prevention and control measures such. Since the states avian influenza outbreak in 2002, virginias poultry industry has been vigilant in prevention techniques and anticipated response. Risk reduction measures in producing, marketing and living with animals in asia april 2005 epidemiology of h5n1 avian influenza in. Avian influenza it is caused by those influenza viruses that mainly affect birds and poultry, such as chickens or ducks, e. Swine have been proposed as a mixing vessel for coinfection by influenza virus from birds and mammals, with reassortment of gene segments and development of hybrid strains having the ability to infect. Avian influenza, commonly called bird flu, is an infection caused by type a influenza viruses that normally only infect birds. Virginia initial state response and containment plan. The first known cases in humans were reported in 1997, when an outbreak of avian influenza a virus subtype h5n1 in poultry in hong kong led to severe illness in 18. Influenza a viruses easily mutate, and can undergo major genetic changes. The secure food supply plans for poultry, milk, pork and beef were developed to aid producers, transporters and food processors in the event of a foreign animal disease outbreak, like high pathogenicity avian influenza hpai. Jan 11, 2007 cidrap news an uptick in human cases of h5n1 avian influenza is focusing attention on the unsolved problem of crafting influenzaprevention messages that developingworld farmersthe group at highest risk for the diseasewill trust and follow. Training manual for media workshops on avian influenza internews.
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